Type-justifier.



rmi/841,661. PATEN-TED FEB. 19, 1907. ""f M B. M. DBS' JARDINS.

' TYPE-JUSTIFIER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 5, 14195.`l

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PATBNTED PEB. 19, 1907.'

B. LL-'DES JARDINS.

TYPE JUSTIFIER'. APPLIOATIONJFILED JULY 5. 1395.

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\ '116.844.561. l PATBNTED PEB. 19, 1907.

' B. M. DBs JARDINS.

TYPE JUSTITIER.l PPLIGATlON FILED JULY, 1895.

Invenor:

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PA'IBIIIED IBB. IQ,l 1907. B. M. DES JARDINS.

TYPE JUSTIFIER. APPLICATION FILED JULY 1895.

s SHEETS-SHEET l sufficient accuracy by inserting spaces of a tirarmi)LSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMN` M. DES JARDINS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO THE UNITYPE COMPANY, A'OORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

To @ZZ whom/ t muy concern,.-

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN M. DEs J AR- nrNs, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Hartford, in the county of l-lartford and `State ofConnecticut, have invented a new and useful Type-Justifier,

of which the following is a specification.

The present invention consists in novel.

\ lines of ordinary printers type.

The invention comprises two measuring j devices, one of which is adaptedto measure theshortage of a line of type and control the selection ofthe proper size of space or spaces necessary to justify the line. Alimited number of sizes of spaces are 'preferably provided, lthesuccessive sizes, differing from Veach other by a uniform amount, termeda unit," and any line may be justified with single size or of two sizesdiffering by a unit-#that is, two consecutive sizes. j

The particular measuring device employed to locate or select the .spacesin this machine consists of a series' of tapering 'gages,whi`ch in thepreferred embodiment of the invention are constructed and operated toform wedges. In justifying a line a number of wedges corresponding tothe number of intervals between wordsin the line are simultaneouslyadvanced into a space corresponding to the shortage of the line. rlhenumber of wedges used is made to control the 'number of spaces selected,andthe distance to which the wedges are advanced controls thesize of thespaces selected.

` When a limited number of sizes of spaces are used, it usually happensthat the shortage of `the line is notdivisible without a remainder bythe sizeof the largest space which could uniformly be inserted in theline. The

. shortage may therefore be considered as made up of an integral portionand a remainder. Ifvthere be a remainder, it is filled by employing asmany spaces of the next larger size as thereJ are units in theremainder. For

this purpose the second measuring device mentioned above is used, thisconsisting of Specification of Letters Patent. Application led July5,1895. Serial No. 555,08.

Patented Feb. 19, 1907.

a remainder device which mechanically measures the remainder foreachline and controls the selection of the proper number of spaces ofthe next'larger size to ab sorb the` remainder wholly or within afraction of a unit.

Another feature of my invention in its most complete form is that itpredetermines and selects all the spaces necessary for a line beforedislodging any of saidspaces from the magazine, and then by a singlemovement it discharges the entire number of spaces into a receiver, fromwhich they may be transferred to the line at the convenience of theoperator.

The invention also consists in numerous improvements in details, all ofwhich will be particularly described in the following specication,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 isa front elevation of my machine, the lower part of the frame beingremoved; Fig. 2 a right side elevation of said machine; Fig. 3, asectional plan view of the same; Fig. Ll, a side view of the mechanismwhich locates the plungers relative to the required sizes of spaces inaccordance with the' position of the gages; Figs. 5 and 6, respectively,side and front views of the mechanism which designates the requirednumber of spaces and of members which become thereby adjusted to engagesaid required number; Fig. 7, a side view of the difference device,illustrating how the second measurement controls the required number oflarger spaces and subtracts i the same number fromr the smaller ones;Fig. 8, a front view of the column-lifting devices in a position abovethat shown in Fig. 7 Fig. 9, a plan view and partial section of Fig. 7;Figs. 10 and 11, detailed views of the gages` and accompanyingmechanism, Fig. 11 being a plan view taken on lines 11 11, Fig. 10,inthe direction of the arrow 5 and Fig. `12 is a detail of thespaceejecting devices.

Similar letters and figures of reference designate like parts in thedrawings and specification. l

The frame is designated by A, the primary measuring elements or gages by111 1 11a, &c., the remainder-measuring elements by numbers between 800and 400, the space-transferring mechanism by numbers from the next onehundred iigures, and the intermedi- IOO IOS

type-galleys a and b are located in a nearly-Y vertical j position,being slightly inclined backward. 'lhe galley a, which receives theloose unjustified lines of type, is locatedat the lower right-handcorner of the machine, and the galley b for justified matter, atk theupper left-hand corner. In this construction the space-channels 123 arepreferably arranged in the arc of a circle and in the path 0f theswinging arm 224.

rlhe arm 224 is pivoted to the frame A at 226, and the principalfunction of said arm is to carry the space-dislodging members'fromchannel to channel, vaccording to the size of spaces wanted. Hence itsfront end is free to swing from a position at the left adjoining theright end of the galley b vto a position at the extreme right of thespace-channels 123. vThe arm 224 is provided with a grooved slidewayextending nearly the entire length-of that vpart of said arm that isback of the channels 123. This slideway passes clear through the arm 224from top to bottom to receive the re ciprocating plunger-carryingmechanism 231. Said arm extends in front of said channels a suflicientdistance to form a support for the intermediate space-receiving device500. The mechanism 231 has a supporting-base adapted to slidev back andforth in .said slide- `way in the. arm 224 and also an upper projectionto support the slide-boxes 423 and 4233, which receive the upperterminals of the guides 421 and 4213. Corresponding; 'boxes' are cutthrough said base to receive the lower terminals of said guides, one ofsaid boxes being indicated at 4223 in Fig. 2. The space plungers orvblades 409- and 4093 are respectively provided with the T-guides 421.and 42137 before mentioned, which slide up and down inV their boxes. Theguides 421 and 4213 are respectively provided at the top with theoperating-handles 417 and 4173. 'I he guide 421 has the forwardprojection 431 at its lower end, and the guide 4213 vhas the projection43 13, similar to said projection 431, except in the-direction, which isto the rear. The arm 224 is provided with a suitable slideway, asstated, along which the mechanism 231 is adapted to be moved whateverdis-vr tance is necessary to eject the spaces from the channels 123..The projections 431 and 4313 Aare constructed a 4little longer than theamount of the required Vmotion of their connections, and consequentlyalways rest upon their respective narrow arc-supports 1 18 and 326 atwhatever position the sliding mechanism may be. The movement of the arm224 behind the type-galleys a and b carries the in` termediatespace-receiving device 500 back and forth between the channels 123 andsaid galley l).

The elements that `practically determine the size of spaces requiredconsist of the wedges or tapered gages 111 1113, &c., Figs.

l, 3, 10, and 11. There are as many of these gages as the largest numberof spaces ever requiredby any one type-line, ten beingv provided inthe'y machine herein shown-and described. Said gageswoccupy a positionbetween the rod 203 and thebar 1 13, resting on their edges, with thethin rear ends extending between the corresponding tapered blocks 1121123, &c., Fig. 11. The amount of taper in the gages 111 1113, cc., ismade to correspond with the sizes of spaces with which the machine isprovided. The graduations along the scale 1233, inscribed on' the upperedge of the-right-hand gage 111, indicate the various positions at'which said gages correspond Iin size with'said spaces. Said-graduationsreg ister at 1183 on the corner of the right-hand block`112, andtheposition ofthe gages so registered indicates to the eye of theoperator what size ofspaces is required.

The blocks 112 1123, &c., are vheld in place and guided by means of theVegroove 1133L in the bar 113. The right-hand block 112 is arrangedtocome into contact with the proj ection 234 of the members' which'carryy the gage-block 120.v The front end of each gage 111 1113, &c., isprovided underneath with the notch 1143. `The plate 114 is arranged toslide back and forth -in itsguideway in the cross-piecer1283 of the arm128 throu'gh the notches 1143 tofengageas many ofsaid gages asarenecessary to correspond with the number of places for spaces in the linebeing measured.

"As before intimated, the ta-per in the blocks 112 1123, &c.,' issimilar to that infthe'gages 111 1113, &c., and said blocks-are looselyinserted inl thegroove11`33. The bar 113 is provided with the shoulder113b atthe lleft end of thefgroove 1133, vsaid shoulder acting as a stopfor the left-hand inactive block 112j of the series 112 1123, &c., whichis between the left-hand gage and the shoulder; but said groove is openand clear to the rightA of said shoulders to permit of the displacement`in that direction of said blocks `whenever any `of said gages arethrust backward between them. The backwardy movement ofthe gages :111,&c., produces a displacement to the right of as many of the blocks 112,&c.,\as lie on that side of the actuatedgages, causing said blocks IOOIIO

to move the sliding guide-'rod 203' through the medium of thedownwardly-extending projection 234. The yrod 203 is-:adapted to slidelongtiudinally in its bearingsin the frame A and has vtheupwardly-extending f projection 232,' to which is hinged at 230 thesupporting portion of the gage-block 120, the

latter capable of being. turned backward or forward `on the hinge 230for the' purpose -of bringing it'either into or out of the line-channel121. The .block 120. is adapted to. be moved against the end of thetype-linein the channel 121 rwhile the latter is being measured andthen' to be turned forward out of the path of said line .during thejustification ply to the machine, at certain'points adapted f spaces.

The appropriation or engagement of the requisite `number of gages 111Sac., is done by means of the longitudinally-movable engagingplate `114.rl'he swinging arm 128 is i attached `to the frame A by the stud 125,Fig.

`4, and has the T or cross piece 128a at the upper end. The cross-piece128a has a grooved guideway cut in its upper edge, in Which the plate114/is reciprocatedi .The plate 114 is provided with the scale 122,having graduations which register the number of the gages 111, &c., andis adaptedto indicate to theieye how many of said gages are i lengaged`bysaid plate The arm 117 is rigidly fastened to the rock-shaft 125L andhas the operating-handle 206, provided with the i rear projection 206%which latter passes j through a suitableopening in the plate 114.

The projection 206a extends backward a dis` tance equal to the length oftravel of the plate 114, so that the latter is always en'- gaged by theformer, regardless of position. The swinging motion of the arm 117 onthe shaft 1253L has to do with the counting of the .n laces for spacesbetween the words in the ine. The amount of sweep which the arm 117makes to vthe left'.corresponds with the number of spacosrequired, andits position is indicated by the graduation on the scale 122 thatregisters with the edge of the gage 111. In this form of just-iiier itis necessary to apto receive it, an equivalent of the full number n iof'spaces which will justify the line in such a manner that the machineshall be iniluenced thereby andoperate to select such number of This is.done as follows: The rockshaft 125, through the medium of the arm 1176*,the connecting-rod 1170, and the arms "117C and 117f on the rock-shaft117e, operates the longitudinally-movable post 117g,

which carries the arc-support `118. The

arms 117 C and 117f are rigidlyattached tothe `rock-shaft 117 e,operating in the frame-bearings 117n and 117i. The lengths of the arms117, 1170,4and 117f, just described with ref` terence to eachother andthe lateral move- ,ment of the arm 117, are such that the support'118`is raised a distance equal tothe space` `occupied by the same number of.

spaces that is registered by the movement oi` the-plate 114 to the leftagainst the outer edge of the gage 111.` Consequently whatf `ever numberof spaces is registered thereby .same number of spaces.

Y placed edgewise in the channels 12'3, so that the same number repeatedwill always constitute piles of the same height, regardless of theirthicknesses.4 It is also necessary for the longitudinal movement ot thegages 111 111, &c., to bring about such a displacement and arrangementof `parts as to intercept and locate the arm 224 opposite the particularchannels 123 that contain the required space sizes.` This location mustcor* respond to the positions of the gages 1 11, &c.

as theyT register between the blocks 112, e., and wedge the latter tothe right until the block 120 is thrust against the type-line. The arm128 is provided with the bell-crank- `arm extension 130, the rear end ofwhich is connected with the lever-arm'132 by means of the bar 131. Thearm 132 is pivoted to the projection 133 from the frame A and has anapproximately central slot to receive the pin 134. The pin 134 extendsfrom the longitudinally-movable post 136, having its slide-bearing intheframe A. The post 136 has the arc-like plate 416, Figs. 3 and 4 fastenedto its upper end, andsaid plate is provided with aA series of steps 0rstops adapted to intercept the arm 224, each of said steps being soconstructed and proportioned as to stop said arm with the plunger-blades409 and 40)EL opposite two of the channels 123, diii" erent stepsrepresenting di'llerent pairs of said i channes. two above alluded to isthe one containing the spaces that correspond with the particulargraduation of the scale 123a which alines with the index 118a-that is,when the tapered gages are pushed backward until they register on theiirst of said graduations the arm 224 in its `movement to the right isintercepted by the first of the steps on the plate 416, leaving theplungers in line with the 'first and second of the channels 123.' Whensaid gages register on the second of said 'graduations, said arm isintercepted by the second of said steps, leaving said plungers in linewith theisecond and third of said channels, and so on. In other words,the amount of dimension in the gages 111, &e., when intercepted betweenthe tapering blocks 112, &c., in line with the' corner-index 118, dcter`mines the distance the post `136 must be' raised to intercept the arm224 at the position required to bring the plunger 409 opposite thechannel 123 containing the spaces of a `dimension equal to that ci theparticular part of said gage referred to.

j In practice it often happens that when the gages 111, &c., are thrustbetween the blocks 112, Snc., none of the graduations of the scale 123aregister with the index 118% the last of said graduations to aline withsaid index having passed beyond, leaving the gage dimensions betweensaid blocks longer than the largest available size of spaces which theline can receive and smaller than the next succeeding larger size. Inthe event of thefailure A of the registering elements to aline, as notedabove, the operator withdraws the gages 111,

The left-hand channel 123 of the TOO IIO

&c., until the last graduation on the scale 123a to pass by the index118a alines therewith, and this withdrawal produces a slight loosenessin the line-engaging members and in the line itself. The looseness justreferred to is taken up and mechanically utilized by the membersdesignated by the numerals between 300 and 400, of which the mechanismtermed the .rcmainder device is composed. The successive sizes of spacesemployed in this justifier differ from each other by the same amount,termed a unit After the machine has ascertained the largest size ofspaces capable of being introduced into a type-line without making ittoo long the measuring instrument of the remainder device is employed toascertain how many units are necessary to accurately lengthenout saidline to within one of said units. When the number of said units has beenascertained by means of my improvement, the same number of the nextlarger size of spaces than that selected are to be employed--that is,instead of adding the remainder in single units I use spaces of the nextsucceeding size, which are a unit thicker.

The longitudinally-movable rod 303, located at the right of the machine,is reciprocated by means of the knurled handle 302. The rod 303 isprovided with the tapered gage 304, and the amount of taper in said gageis equivalent to the full amount of taper in any one of the gages 111111, @cethat is, the measuring-points of both gages corresponding to theposition of the graduations on the saale 123a are the same,notwithstanding the fact that said points may be closer together in saidgage 304 than they are in said gage 111, &c. The increase of saidinclines in both cases alluded to in the previous sentence correspondsto the difference existing between the sizes of neighboring spaces,

the gages 111, 8a3., determining the full amount of the shortage insuccessive dimensions correlative with the sizes of spaces provided b ythe machine, while the gage 304 gages the remainder shown by thedeereaselof said gages 111, te., when returned to the next graduation,registering the result in terms or dimensions representing thedifference between said neighboring sizes and designating the number ofthe next larger size required to satisfy said remainder. The secondarygaging-rod 301. slides right and left in its bearings in the frame A andis provided with the roller 3011*, against which the gage 304 is adaptedto wedge when the rod 303 is pulled outward. The rod 301 is alsoprovided with the arm 3041, at the upper end of which is the gage-block338, designed to gage the type-line from its right-hand end, therebytraversing the looseness therein referred to above.

The rod 303 is connected by the pin 310 to the slotted arm 311, rigidwith the rock-shaft 312, which has its bearings extending upward fromthe frames A. 316 is provided with the tight collar 315 i having the pin314 to engage the slotted arm l 313, said arm also being rigid with therockshaft 312, and said post is operated by means of thisbell-crank-lever mechanism when the rod 303 is actuated. 'lhe post 316slides up and down in a frame-bearing and is provided at its upper endwith the arc-guide 325, having the T-groove 325a to engage the base ofthe vertically-sliding bar 406, the functions of which will be describedfurther on. The rod 303 is also connected by the pin 317 to the slottedarm 318, rigid with the rockshaft 319, which has its bearings extendingupward from the frame A. The vertical post 322 is provided with thetight collar 321, having a pin to engage the slotted arm 320, said armalso being rigidwith the roekshaft 319, and said post is operated bymeans of this bell-crank mechanism when the rod 303 is actuated in asimilar manner to the post 316. The post 322 slides up and down in aframe-bearing and is provided at its upper end with the arc-support 326.As already stated, the function of the remainder device is to determineand mechanically cause the machine to appropriate the required number oflarger spaces which are to be added to the smaller ones.

The plunger-blade 409a is so mounted with reference to the plunger-blade409 as to always engage the size of spaces next larger than thatopposite which the latter is located. As already described, the memberswhich control the blade 409 raise itv high enough to engage the wholenumber of spaces required in the line. Whatever number of larger spacesare necessary to justify said line must be subtracted from the numberadjacent to the blade 409, and the blade 409, which is located oppositesaid larger spaces, must also be raised to a height sufficient to engagethe subtracted number. A

The arc-guide 326, which is adjusted by the difference device, asalready pointed out, operates as follows: The bottom under the channel123, that contains the smaller spaces behind which the plunger 409 islocated in the manner already explained, is raised to a side of the pathof said plunger 409. This false or movable bottom consists of theprojections 405b and the horizontal bar 4085, from whichr saidprojections extend upward. The bar 408EL is connected to the verticalbar 4061. The lower ends of the space-channels 123 are cut away to formthe openings 405c for the reception of the false-bottom projections405b. The location of saidy false bottom relative to the blade 409a issuch that the tops of the projections 405b are always on a level withthe upper edge of saidblade. Hence the column of spaces opposite the Thevertical vpost IOO IIO

level with the top of the plunger 409a, at one l ficiently to onlypermit of the engagement by said blade of the spaces which lie in aplane above said blade 409% The guard 405a is connected to said bar408aand has an offset thereinto enable its upper projection to eX- tendacross the channel 123 that happens to be in front of the plunger 409ELfor the purpose of cutting ofi' whatever spaces lie above the same. Itwill now be seen that the guard 405a serves as a stop in front ofwhichever channel 123 it is located opposite and prevents more than therequired number of spaces from being displaced by the plunger 409a. Thebar 4:06a and the corresponding bar 406 are mounted and slide up anddown in suitable boxeswhich are rigid With the y to the base of theother bar.

arm 224, and the base of the latter bar eX- tends into the groove 325%Where it is` `en gaged by the guide 325 in a manner similar Mounted toslide vertically on the bar 406 is a horizontal bar 408, which carries aguard 405 to protect the spaces which lie above the plunger 409, andsaid horizontal bar 408 has a recess to receive said plunger by which itis adjusted vertically. The rearwardly-extending projection 431a,'whichis long enough to always rest upon the arc-support 326, provides abearing for the blade 409a at whatever position it may be during thelongitudinal movement thereof in the operation of dislodging spaces fromany one of the chan nels 123. 'lhese plunger-blades are adjusted sothattheplunger 409 engages the space or spaces back of their left edges asthe falsee bottom projections 405b, which are adjusted to one side ofsaid plunger, raise and support said spaces by coming up under the:right edge of the column, lifting and main* taining it above theregular bottom of the channels 123. When there is no remainder, both theplunger 409a and the projections 405b lie below the regular bottom ofthe channels 123, and said plunger is not then in ositionv to operateupon any of the spaces.

n the event of there being no remainder, as signified above, the'plunger409 operates on all of the spaces in the channel 123 opposite thereto,as only spaces of one size are needed.

lThe plunger-carrying mechanism 231 is adapted to slide forward and backin the arm 224 from a position at the rear of the ma chine near thepivot 226 forward a suflicient distance to cause the blades 409 and4.09a to thrust their respective space-piles out of the channels 123 andinto the intermediate recei"ving device 500. In addition to theirlongitudinal movement the blades 409l and 4095" have the vertical andlateral adjustments previouslydescribed. Their up-and down motion iscontrolled by the position of the arc-support 326 for the plunger 409,and the arc-support 118 for the plunger 409. The plungers 409 and 409aare reciprocated ."longitudinallyby the operator, Who grasps the handles417 and 417a. i

y -The intermediate receiving device 500 is provided with the channels521 and 521a for simultaneously receiving two piles of spaces. `Theright-hand pile of spaces is always moved forward in line with thebottom of the cory responding channel 521; .but the channel 521a` isliable to receive its spaces ata consid-` erable distance above thebottom and is therefore provided with the friction-spring 501, adaptedto press said spaces against the opposite wall and hold them suspendeduntil they are released therefrom and thrust downward upon the bottom ofsaid channel by the operator. The right intermediate channel 521v isalso provided withthe spring 5015, similar to spring 501, to retain thethin spaces in place. When the spaces are ready to be transferred fromthe device 500 into the line-channel 121 between the Words, the arm 224is swung until either the channel 521 or 521a is brought over thespace-plunger 409b.

The engaging projection of the plunger 409b is adapted to pass through abottom slot in either of the channels 521 and 521at and engages thelowest of the. spaces which are pressed close to the left channel-Wall,thrusting it out through the opening 512 and 512at onto thereceiving-platform 410. The plunger 409b is mounted on the rod 417',that slides in lugs projecting from the frame A, saidrod being suitablykeyed in its bearings to 1prevent the same from turning, and is operatedform 410, upon which the spaces are deposited by the plunger 409b,extends in front of the ated relative to said plunger and on the sameplane at which position said spaces are caught by the movement of thewords to the left in their passage from the upper end of the galley a tothe lower end of the galley b, as more fully described in connectionwith the complete 'statement of the operation of the machine.

as follows: A column of loose unjustified type is placed in the galley cand held up against gravity by means of a strong springtensioned block.The operator pushes the column upward with his right hand until the topline abuts the wall 201, said line being then fully within the channel121. First counting the'places for spaces between the words, theoperator next by means of the handle 206 pushes the plate 114 to theleft until as many of the gages 111, &c., are engaged as there areplaces for spaces in the line. In order to readily determine what amountof travel is needed for the plate 1 14, theoperator watches the scale122, which re `isters the number of the gages 111, &c. Wlth his lefthand he turns the gage-'block 120 rearward into and across theline-channel 121 and then with his right hand still on the by hand asthe spaces are needed. The plat-Vv channels 521 and 521et whenoperativelyl situ- The operation of my machine is described ATOO handle206 thrusts the plate 114 backward with his left hand and forces saidgages to the rear, causing them to separate and wedge between the blocks112, &c., while the rearward movement of the plate 114 at the same timegives a rotary motion to the arm 128. The separation of the blocks 112,&c., as the gages 111, &c., are wedged between them causes thehorizontal rod. 203 to be thrust longitudinally to the right untilchecked by the contact of the block 120 with the end of the type-line.With his eye on the scale 123a on the right-hand gage 111 the operatorpulls the plate 1 14 toward him if said scale is intercepted between twoof its graduations until the proper graduationis brought into alinementwith the index 118a on the block 112. This return of the gages 111 &c.,produces the slight looseness between the block 120 and the type linehereinbefore described. The arm 224 is next swung to the right until itsfurther movement is prevented by engagement with the stepped plate 416.With his hand on the handle 302 the operator then draws the rod 303toward him until its tapered gage 304 comes in contact with the roller301aL and the wedging action has thrust the type-line tight against theblock 120 through the medium of the gage-block 338, which is against theend of said line opposite said block 120, thereby taking up thelooseness between the block 120 and thev type-line.

The few sim le motions enumerated above by means of tlieir levers andother connections have brought about the following-described adjustmentsof parts: The movement to the left of the handle 206 as the plate114.was brought into engagement with the required number of orages 111,&c., rotated the shaft 1253, which in turn raised the arc-support 118 tofix the height of the plunger 409 at whatever point is necessary toengage the full number of requisite spaces. The thrusting of themeasuring-gages to the rear for the purpose of securing the primarymeasurement of the line operates the stepped plate 416 through themedium of the intervening connections. The swinging of the arm untilintercepted by the stepped plate 416 located the plunger 409 in linewith the space-channel 123, containing the spaces that correspond withthe graduation Of the scale 1237 which alines with the index 1182*, andthe plunger 409EL in line with the adj oining channel containing thenext larger size spaces, and the outward pull on the handle 302, towhich are connected the members comprising the difference-measuringelements located the height of the arc-guide 325 and of the false-bottomprojection 405b to raise and support the column containing the smallerof the two sizes of spaces. The column of said smaller size has beenelevated so that the plunger 409 can engage only the number of spaceswhich lie between the top of saidl plunger and the plane of the top ofthe lunger 409a; The displacement of the ifference device also fixes thelocation; of the arcsupport 326, upon which the plunger 409a rests at aheight equivalent to that of the pile of the larger size ofspacesrequired. The space-dislodging mechanism isnow located back of therequisite sizes of spaces, and the operator takes hold of the handlesv417 and 417Z1 and draws the lunger-blades 409 and 409a forward toexpei)whatever s aces are in front of said blades from their kc annels123 into the intermediate receiving-channels 521 and 521a. Then afterrestoring the plungerlocating mechanism to normal position by pressingdownward on the handles 417 and 417a the plungers 409 and 409HL areforced downward until even with the real bottom of the channels 123 toallow the space-columnstherein to settle down to their normal positionsof rest, and said plungers are moved backward until clear of saidchannels without disturbing the spaces further. By swinging the' arm 224to the left, the channels 521 and 521a are brought in line with theplunger 409b, which ejects the spaces from'said channels onto theplatform 410 as the operator manipulates said plunger forward and back,holding first one of said channels and then the other in line with thesame as said spaces are needed. The spaces are deposited on the platform410 in the path of the words as they are moved to the left. Said wordsare separated from the line and moved along the channel 121 to thegalley b by means of a sharp rule in the hand of the operator.r When theline is justiiied, the rule 233 is withdrawn from the column in thegalley b and inserted beneath said line, which is then raised with saidcolumn'into said galley and out of the path of the succeeding line.

While the mechanism shown as embodying the invention is adapted forhandling ordinary type and the invention is especially intended for suchuse, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to machinesfor justifying such ordinary type, but may be applied also in justifyingtype, matrices, or the like of any suitable material and that the wordtype is used in this specification and the claims in this broad sense.It will be understood also that the devices for measuring the lineshortage and dividing such shortage by the number of intervals in theline to determine the proper width of justifyingspaces are applicablenot only in machines for justifying composed lines of type or matrices,but in line-justifying mechanism of other classes, and the termjustifying mechanism herein is used in this broad sense to include allclasses of typographie work in which lines are to be justified forprinting or the reduction of printing-surfaces. These ca culatingdevices in the machine illustrated and described hereinl are IOO IIO

gages equal in -number -to the intervals in the line underjustification, means for advancing said selected gages into a limitingspace proportional to the shortage of the line, and means controlled-bythe movement of the gages for predetermining justifying-spaces for theline prior to the introduction of anyV of such spaces into the line.

2. In justifying mechanism, a series of gages, meansfor-selectingcertain of said gages equal in number to the intervals in the line underjustification, means for advancing said selected gages-into a limitingspace proportional to the shortage of the line, and means controlled bythe movement of the gages for predetermining` and selecting ljustifyingspaces for the line prior to the introduction i of any of suchspaces into the line.

the number of intervals, means controlled by `said `movement of thegages to predetermine 3. In justifying mechanism, a series ofjustifying-gages, means for selecting a number of said gages equal tothenumber of intervals in the line under justification, means for advancingsaid gages into a limiting space proportional to the integral part ofthe quotient of the shortage of the line divided by and select two sizesof spaces for the justification of the line, a gage for the remainderofthe shortage, and means controlled by" said gage for selecting the ofeach size of said spaces.

4. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of t-wo parts external toa line of type and adapted to be separated an amount proproperproportion portionate to the shortage of the line, a series of wedges,means for selecting a group of the wedges equal in number to theintervals in the line, means for advancing said group ofwedges betweenthe parts to measure the shortage of the line, and means for utilizingthe movement of the wedges to determine justifying-spaces for the line.

5. In a type-justifying machine, the com.

bination with a magazine for justifyingspaces, a plunger for ejectingspaces from the magazine, means for measuring the shortage of anunjustified line comprising a series of wedges, andv means for advancingselected Wedges into a space external to the line and proportional tothe shortage, said spaceplunger being automatically located withreference to the magazine in accordance with the amount of advancementof the wedges.

6. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a space-magazineadapted to contain a limited number of sizes of spaces, two space ejecting plungers, and means controlled by the shortage of a line and thenumber of word-spaces for locating said spaceplungers opposite themagazine channels containing the proper, justifying-spaces for the line.

7. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a space-magazinehaving channels for a limited number of spaces, twospaceejecting'plungers capable of movement laterally and longitudinallyof the space-channels, and means governed by the shortage lof a line andthe number of its intervals for locating said space-plungers in positionto eject by a single movement the proper number and sizes ofjustifying-spaces for the line.V

8. Thecombination with a space-magazine having a plurality of channels,of two space-plungers adapted to eject spaces from adjoining channels ofthe magazine, means for moving said plungers relatively to the magazineto bring them opposite different channels, and means for imparting anindependent movement to the plungers lengthwise of the channels, wherebyall of the justitying-spaces for a line may be ejected by a singlemovement ofthe lungers.

9, The combination o a magazine having a series of space-channels, anarm movable transversely of said channels and provided with twospace-ejecting plungers, means 'for adjusting said plungersindependently lengthwise of the space-channels, and means for drivingthe plungers simultaneouslywhereby all of the justifying-spaces for aline may be' ejected by a single forward movement of the plunge-rs.

10. Ina justifying mechanism,a series of gages, each representing thevarious sizes of spaces with which the machine is provided, means forselecting a group of gages equal in number to the intervals of a line,means for advancing said gages into a space proportionate to theshortage of a line to ascertain the largest space which will enterkuniformly into the intervals of the line, means for measuring theremainder of the shortage which would have to be filled if said maximum`spaces were `inserted uniformly, said means being adapted forpredetermining the justifying-spaces for a line prior to theintroduction of any of such spaces into the line.

11. In a mechanism for justifying lines of type with spaces of twoconsecutive sizes, a space-magazine, a pair of ejecting-plungersarranged to eject spaces simultaneously from two channels of themagazine, a series of wedges, means for selecting and driving a group ofsaid wedges corresponding in number to the intervals of the line to` bejustied,

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meansfor locating the space-plungers relatively to the space-channels inaccordance with the forward movement of the wedges, a tapered gagearranged to measure the remainder which would exist if a single size ofspaces were used in the line, and means connected with said gage foradjusting one of said plungers to select a sufficient number of largerspaces to justify the line. f

12. The means for determining the required size of spaces to use injustifying type, consisting of a plurality of tapering gages and blocks,mechanism to limit the lateral movement of the latter in accordance withthe shortage of a type-line when said gages are thrust between saidblocks, a space-plunger, a stepped plate adapted to intercept the lateral movement of said plunger, and connecting members between said plateand said gages, whereby the adjustments of said plunger are controlled.

13. In a type-justifier, in combination, a series of gages arrangedadjacent to each other and external to the line to be justified, meansadapted to engage as many of said gages as there are intervals in aline, a spaceplunger, and connecting members between the same and saidengaging means, whereby a movement is imparted to said plunger inproportion to the number of gages engaged, for the purpose set forth.

14. In a type-justifier, in combination, a series oflongitudinally-movable gages, a space-magazine, a space-plunger, astepped plate adapted to intercept the movement of said plungerrelatively to the magazine, and connecting members between said plateand said gages, whereby said movement of the plunger is controlled, forthe purpose set forth.

15. In a type-justifier, in combination, a series of tapered gages, aseries of oppositelytapered blocks, means for engaging and advancing agroup of gages, a spacefolunger, connecting members between the plungerand said engaging means, a stepped plate adapted to intercept thelateral movement of Said plunger, and connecting members between saidplate and said gages, whereby the adjustments of said plunger arecontrolled, for the purpose set forth.

16. In a typejustifier, in combination with a magazine, a space-plungeradapted to be adjusted in accordance with the whole number of spacesrequired, and a secondary space-plunger arranged to engage fewer spacesthan said whole number and of a different size from tho-se located bysaid firstmentioned plunger, for the purpose set forth.

17. In a type-justifier, in combination, a space-plunger, means foradjusting the same in an approximately vertical direction in accordancewith the whole number of spaces required, a secondary space-plunger, andmeans for adjusting the same in an approximately vertical direction toengage less than said whole number of spaces, for the purpose v setfroth.

18. In a type-justifier, in combination, a space-plunger, means forapproximately vertical and horizontal adjustment of the same, inaccordance with the whole number of one size of spaces required, asecondary spaceplunger dependent upon said first-mentioned plunger forits lateral adjustment, and means for adjusting said secondary plungerin an approximately vertical direction to engage less than the wholenumber of spaces of a different size from those first indicated, for thepurpose set forth.

19. In a type-justifier, in combination, a space-plunger adjustable inaccordance with the whole number of spaces required, a remaindermeasuring device, a secondary. space-plunger dependent upon the formerplunger for lateral adjustment, and a space-` lifting device adjustablewith said secondary plunger, in an approximately vertical dirccf tion bysaid remainder device, for the purpose set forth.

20. In a type-justifier, in combination, a, space-plunger adjustable inaccordance with the whole number of spaces required, a.

remainder measuring device, a secondary space-plunger dependent upon theformer plunger for lateral adjustment, a space-lifting device adjustablewith said secondary plunger in an approximately vertical direction bysaid remainder device, and a gageblock connected with the remainderydevice and adapted to engage and move a type-line, for the purpose sotforth.

21. In a type-justifier, in combination, aplurality of space-channels,two space.- plunger blades, and a transversely-movable. arm adapted toadjust said blades in opera-` tive relation with any two of saidchannels which are adjacent to each other, for the purpose set forth.

22. In a type-justifier, in combination, .a plurality of space-channels,two space-- plunger blades, two intermediate space-receiving channels infront of said first-mentioned channels, and a transversely-movable armadapted to carry said blades and said space-receiving channels intooperative relation with any two of said space-channels which areadjacent to each other, for the purpose set forth.

23. In a typeejustifler, in combination, a plurality of space-channels,two spaceplunger blades, two intermediate space-re ceiving channels, atransversely-movable arm adapted to carry said blades-and .saidspace-receiving channels into operative relatin with any two of saidspace-channels which are adjacent to each other, and an ejector forremoving spaces from said intermediate channels, for the purpose setforth.l

24. In a type-justifier, in combination, a,

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. plurality of space-channels having their bottoms on a common plane, aspace-plunger adjustable in accordance `with the whole number of spacesrequired, a remainder device, and a space-lifting bottom controlled 'bysaid device and adapted to raise a pile of spaces in one of saidchannels adjacent to said plunger, for the purpose set forth.

25. In a type-justifier, in combination, a series of gages, an engagingplate adapted to engage as many of said gages as there are intervals inthe type-line, a guide connected by intervening mechanism with saidplate, and a space-plunger resting upon said guide, whereby anapproximately vertical movement is imparted by said plate to said guideand plunger, commensurate with the number of said intervals, for thepurpose set forth.

26. In a type-justifier, in combination, an engaging plate adapted totravel a certain distance for each space required in a typeline, a guideconnected by intervening incohanisin with said plate, and aspace-plunger resting upon said guide,whereby an approximately verticalmovement is imparted to said guide and plunger, commensurate with thenumber of spaces in the line Linder justification, for the purpose setforth.

27. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a space-magazineadapted to contain a limited number of sizes of spaces, space-ejectingmechanism, and means controlled by the shortage of a line and the numberof word-spaces for locating said spaceejecting mechanism in position toeject the number of spaces of two sizes required to justify the line.

28. In a justifying mechanism, a justifying device representing by itsgaging capacity at'xed points along the device the successive sizes ofspaces, means for multiplying its gaging capacity by the number ofspaces requ1red, means for determining the shortage of an unjustifiedline by a measurement position along the justifying device, and meansfor causing the said measurement position to determine the spacesrequired to justify the line.

29. In a justifying mechanism, a justifying device including a series ofgages, cach representing by its gaging capacity at xed points along thegage'the successive sizes of spaces', means for selecting certain ofsaid ages equal in number to the intervals in the fine underjustification, means for determining the shortage of an unjustified lineby a measurement position along the gages, and

means for causing the said measurement position to determine the spacesrequired to justify the line.

30. In a justifying mechanism, a justifying device representing by itsgaging capacity at fixed points along the device the successive sizes ofspaces, means for multiplying its gaging'capacity by the number ofspaces required, means for determining the shortage of an unjustifiedline by a measurement p0- sition along the justifying device, means fordividing the distance between the fixed points by the number of spaces,and means for causing the said measurement position and division todetermine the number of spaces of two sizes required to justify theline.

31. In a justifying mechanism, a justifying device including a series ofgages, each representing by its gaging capacity at fixed points alongthe gage the successive sizes of spaces, means for selecting certain of-said gages equal in number to the intervals in the lineunderjustification, means for determining the shortage of an unjustifiedline by a measurement position along the gages, means for 'dividingfixed points by the number of spaces, and means for causing the saidmeasurement po-` sition and division to determine the number p f spacesof two sizes required to justify the 32; In a justifying mechanism, incombination, a series of gages arranged adjacent to each other andexternal to the line to be justified, means adapted to engage as many ofsaid gages as there are intervals in a line, a space-determining member,and connections between the space-determining member and said engagingmeans, whereby a movement is imparted to said space-determining memberi161l proportion to the number of gages engaffe E3. In a justifyingmechanism, in combination, a series of longitudinally-movable gages, aspace-determining device, a stepped plate'adapted to intercept themovement of said space-determining device, and connections between saidplate and said ga es for controlling the position of the plate y thegages. I

BENJ. M. mrs JARDINS.

Vitnesses:

IsAAo A. ALLEN, Jr., CARL J. DIETRICH.

the distancebetween the i IOO

